A new capsule-based smell test may help in the rapid diagnosis of various diseases linked to the loss of smell such as COVID-19, scientists say. The test has been found to be easy to use in patients with Parkinson’s disease, and could also be helpful in diagnosing COVID-19 in the broader population, according to the study published in the journal Royal Society Interface.
The researchers at Queen Mary University of London in the UK noted that smell tests have the potential to support the diagnosis of certain neurological conditions, including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.
However, these tests are not widely available, expensive, and take too long to administer in routine healthcare settings, they said.
To address this problem, the team developed a novel smell testing kit which uses capsules of aromatic oils placed between two strips of single-sided tape.
To take the smell test, the capsules are simply crushed between the fingers and the tape strip peeled to release the aroma contained within the capsules.
Based on a person's ability to recognize these smells, a score would be generated that can be sent to their doctor if they are experiencing a loss of smell.
"Our capsule-based smell test can assist in the rapid diagnostic of various diseases linked to the loss of smell," said lead researcher Ahmed Ismail from Queen Mary's School of Engineering and Materials Science.
"These include chronic neurological conditions such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease, as well as COVID-19, which is known to affect the sense of smell," Ismail said.
Being non-invasive and less stressful, the capsule-based smell test has benefits over the nose swab in diagnosing COVID-19, according to the researchers.
This is an advantage for testing children in particular, as they are typically horrified if they need to do a nose swab, and the test can be done in the comfort of their own home, they said.
The study showed that, in a small group of eight patients with Parkinson's disease, the smells from the tests were detectable.
The participants also cited the relative ease in the process of rupturing the capsules, particularly for those with tremors, compared to the standard scratch and sniff smell test available on the market.
“Most of the smell tests on the market depend on using paperboard items treated with a fragrant coating called scratch and sniff, in which you need to scratch a card to release the odour," Ismail added.
"The problem with this approach is that the amount of odour released depends on the extent to which the individual scratches, something that might affect the outcome of the test," he explained.
The new capsule-based smell test does not have this problem because the amount of odour released is controlled by the amount of oil precisely encapsulated, the researchers said.
The mass-production of our new test would also be cheaper than a scratch and sniff test, they added.
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